Shamash : The Sun God

Shamash, who was also known as Utu, was a Babylonian sun god who was regarded as the god of justice, truth, and morality. He was also the twin of Inanna, who was the Queen of Heaven. Shamash had several temples in the cities of Sippar and Larsa. According to Babylonian mythology, the god rode through the heavens in the Sun Chariot and was an enforcer of divine justice who was believed to see all that happened in the day. He was also believed to have appeared to Ziusudra after the Great Flood in the epic Giglamesh.

Throughout The Epic of Gilgamesh, Utu/Shamash is noted for his kindness and diligence in watching over the hero and, for this reason, came to be regarded as the patron god of travelers and vagabonds. He also became associated with the highest of the gods and even the benefactor of the gods, who provided them with a home.

In the Babylonian literature, Shamash was described as having a long beard and was depicted as an old man with a long-arm. In art, he is shown emerging from Heaven at dawn and riding across the sky in his chariot. He was also believed to go back to the interior of Heaven through the western doors at night.

Shamash is shown as wielding his weapons such as the pruning saw and a double edges saw with jagged teeth which represented his role as the god of justice. Shamash also had a solar disc, which had four cardinal points and four parallel lines originating from the centre.

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