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在上一期节目中我们和宝儿聊了关于妇科的临床疾病,这一期我们从一些网络热议话题开始,住酒店会不会感染性病?HPV究竟是什么?要不要打疫苗?怎么打?打哪一种?男生要不要也打?……系列话题继续和成都医学院第一附属医院妇科宝儿学姐接着聊。
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小红书视频播客:汤瀚森|阿汤
嘉宾宝儿医生小红书:宝儿学姐
时间轴02:08 女性未婚未育无性生活,夜间外生殖器瘙痒正常吗?需要做什么检查?
02:57 有时候上火了,外侧也会长痘痘,跟脸上长的类似,也会痛,但是喝了凉茶下火了就消了,这要去看看嘛?
04:17 性病是不是都是从性生活上来?例如洗牙是不是也有可能传染梅毒?
06:44 在网络上看到有的博主测评,住酒店使用了酒店的卫生纸之后就患上了妇科疾病?我们住酒店,哪些是不容易通过这些物品传染的,哪些病毒是离开宿主还可以有较长停留时间的?(淋病、尖锐湿疣、梅毒、艾滋、阴虱)
07:55 性病传染的三个条件都是哪些?
09:13 每一种病菌的体外存活时间长度(理想值)
10:25 在酒店里有一些疾病会有感染可能性
12:51 每一种性病都有哪些常见症状?各自有多长的潜伏期?哪一类是最好治疗,哪一类是不好治疗的?
13:54 2种细菌类的性病种类和特点
16:17 2种病毒类的性病种类和特点
18:01 HPV到底是什么?(2种低危型和14种高危型)
19:24 HPV疫苗的接种条件是什么?如何能快速有效的约到疫苗接种?
20:24 存不存在HPV的易感人群?
21:07 HPV的感染源比较多,没有性生活的人群也有感染可能
23:26 HPV是没有特效药的
24:22 “学会4招和hpv说再见”是哪4招?
27:01 女生感染hpv之后男生应该做什么?
30:41 HPV疫苗的接种问题,男生到底该不该打?会不会和女生形成“抢打”的局面?
32:41 HPV疫苗二价、四价、九价区别是什么?
35:11 感染了HPV后还能不能接种?
37:00 某一型感染后转阴,自身会产生抗体吗?
37:35 筛查的人群的建议
37:55 HPV的自测方法靠谱吗?
拓展阅读宫颈病变是指发生在宫颈部位的各种疾病,如果诊断和治疗不及时,就有可能发展成宫颈癌,如果癌症发展到中晚期 ,患者的存率显降 [1,2]。因此,对临床宫颈病变患者进行详细检查,有利于早期发现宫颈癌,及时有效治疗,治愈率可达90%以上 [3,4] 现有报道 [5,6 ]发现 ,高危型人类乳头状瘤病毒 (Human papilloma virus ,HPV )感 染 与 宫 颈 癌 的发生密切相关。在宫颈病变中,高危型HPV的高表达可以促进病情的进展[7,8]。根据高危HPV基因分型检查,可以鉴别宫颈癌发病的风险程度,所以研究宫颈病变患者感染高危HPV的不同分型及感染高危型HPV的风险因素,对患者采取针对性治疗干预以预防宫颈癌的发生有着积极作用。
在世界范围内,宫颈癌的发病率和病死率在女性恶性肿瘤中均较高[9,10]。高危HPV可 以感 受损的宫颈上皮细胞,并与宿主基因融合,使其难以修复,从而导致宫颈病变,如果不及时治疗,很容易发展成子宫颈癌[11,12]。HPV感染大多无症状,由免疫系统自发清除,在某些情况下,免疫系统无法根除感染 ,加了续感染的风险和宫病变的进展[13,14]HPV 特 别是高危型HPV,是宫颈上皮内瘤变(Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)和宫颈癌的主要病因,会影响机体的细胞周期,使其难以控制,最终致癌[15,16] 。
综上所述,宫颈病变患者感染高危型 HPV的发生率较高,亚型以 HPV16、HPV18和HPV58为主;初次性行为年龄小、产次次数多、流产次数多、≥2个性伴侣数量、有生殖道炎症与宫颈病变患者感染高危型HPV 发生密切相关,据此建立危险因素模型预测宫颈病变患者感染高危型 HPV 发生的价值较高 ,可为临床治及干预感染高危型HPV提供依据。但研究样本量有限,结果可能存在偏倚,故而本研究所提出的危险因素仍需要进一步研究进行论证[17]。
参考文献[1] Calik N,Albayrak A, Akhan A, et al. Classification of cervicalprecursor lesions via local histogram and cell morphometricfeatures [J].IEEE J Biomed Health Inform, 2023,27 (4):1747-1757.
[2] Goodacre CJ, Eugene Roberts W,Munoz CA. Noncarious cervical lesions: morphology and progression, prevalence, etiology,pathophysiology, and clinical guidelines for restoration[J]. J Prosthodont,2023,32(2) :el-e18.
[3] Okamoto ,Okada T,Tokashiki K ,et al. Photoimmunothera-py for managing recurrent laryngeal cancer cervical lesions; acase report[J].Case Rep Oncol,2022,15(1):34-39.
[4] Shi Q,Xu L, Yang R,et al. Ki-67 and P16 proteins in cervicalcancer and precancerous lesions of young women and the diagnostic value for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions Oncol Lett,2019,18(2):1351-1355.
[5] Liu Y,Liao J, Yi XJ,et al. Diagnostic value of colposcopy inpatients with cytology-negative and HR-HPV-positive cervical lesions[J].Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2022, 306 (4):11611169.
[6] Yang ZJ,Zhu WP,Liu Y,et al. Performance of aptima HPVE6/E7 mRNA test for detection of cervical lesions in a largeChinese population[J].Iran J Public Health, 2022,51(11)2549-2554.
[7] Ma XW,Yang M. The correlation between high-risk HPV infection and precancerous lesions and cervical cancer J .Am Transl Res,2021,13(9):10830-10836.
[8] 茅娅男,尤志学.子宫颈 1 级阴道镜异常表现中检出 CINII +的影响因素分析[J].中华妇产科杂志,2021,56(10):691-696.
[9] Johnson CA,James D,Marzan A,et al. Cervical cancer;an o-verview of pathophysiology and management [J]. Semin Oncol Nurs,2019,35(2) :166-174.
[10] Klein C,Gonzalez D, Samwel K,et al. Relationship between the cervical microbiome,HIV status ,and precancerous lesions[J].mBio,2019,10(1):e02785-e02718.
[11] Park NJ,Choi Y,Lee D,et al. Transcriptomic network analysis using exfoliative cervical cells could discriminate a poten-tial risk of progression to cancer in HPV-related cervical lesions:a pilot study [J]. Cancer Genomics Proteomics, 2023 ,20(1):75-87.
[12] Dockery LE,Soper JT.Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia; a review of the disease and current management[J]. Obstet Gynecol Surv,2021,76(1):55-62.
[13] 倪换娟,徐彦文,陈晓翠,等.1246 例门诊体检女性宫颈人乳头状瘤病毒感染及影响因素分析[J].中国计划生育学杂志2022,30(1):193-197.
[14] Zhao J,Guo Z, Wang Q,et al. HPV infection associated DNAdamage correlated with cervical precancerous lesions andcancer in the highest area of cervical cancer mortality, Longnan,China [J].Cancer Manag Res,2019,11: 7197-7210.
[15] 肖岚,吴成秋,张羽,等.2020 年衡阳市农村妇女宫颈癌筛查现状及影响因素分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2022,37(15):2853-2857.
[16] Bertoli HK,Thomsen LT,Iftner T,et al. Risk of vulvar, vaginal and anal high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and canceraccording to cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) status : apopulation-based prospective cohort study [J].Gynecol Oncol,2020,157(2):456-462.
[17] 罗春艳,刘洁,刘丽珍,王小兵 & 黄朝群.(2023).宫颈病变患者感染高危型HPV分型及其影响因素与模型构建. 中华医院感染学杂志(23),3630-3634.
*声明
本播客的内容仅代表个人观点,并不代表任何单位、供职机构等的立场,也不构成任何形式的医疗意见或建议等。本内容仅供健康科普使用,不能作为诊断、治疗的依据,请谨慎参考。未经本播客的授权,不得转载或使用播客节目中的任何内容。
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