Gilles de Rais (1405–1440) - History’s First Serial Killer?

Gilles de Rais (1405–1440) was a figure of significant historical and cultural interest, primarily known for his juxtaposition as a celebrated military leader and a notorious criminal. His life, marked by extremes, offers a unique insight into the societal and psychological complexities of the Late Middle Ages in France.

Early Life and Military Career

Gilles de Rais was born into a life of privilege and wealth as a member of the House of Montmorency-Laval, one of the most influential families in Brittany, France. He was orphaned at a young age and raised by his maternal grandfather. His early education was typical of nobility, focusing on military training and courtly manners.

His military career began with distinction. De Rais served as a commander in the Hundred Years' War between France and England. He fought alongside Joan of Arc, playing a crucial role in several key victories, including the Siege of Orléans in 1429. His contributions earned him substantial favor with Charles VII, and he was appointed Marshal of France.

Wealth and Extravagance

Gilles de Rais's wealth was legendary. He inherited vast estates and used his resources to live a life of extraordinary luxury. He was known for hosting lavish feasts and theatrical productions. However, his extravagant lifestyle soon led to financial ruin. De Rais resorted to selling properties and engaging in questionable financial schemes to sustain his expenditures.