Polity EP 32 | Parliament | Part 3 | Constitution | UPSC podcast | laxmikant | Central Government

Welcome back to THE IAS COMPANION.

Today, we delve into the detailed legislative procedure in the Indian Parliament, exploring the stages every bill undergoes before becoming law. The process, consistent in both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, involves several meticulous stages.

Bills fall into two main categories: public bills (government bills) and private bills (private members' bills), further classified into ordinary, money, financial, and constitutional amendment bills.

Ordinary Bills follow a five-stage process:

1. First Reading: Introduction without discussion.
2. Second Reading: Detailed scrutiny, often involving committee examination.
3. Third Reading: Final approval or rejection.
4. Second House: Repeats the first three stages.
5. Presidential Assent: Becomes law after both Houses' approval and presidential assent.

Money Bills address financial matters and follow a distinct process:

• Introduced only in the Lok Sabha with the President's recommendation.
• Rajya Sabha can suggest amendments, but the Lok Sabha has the final say.
• Presidential assent follows Lok Sabha approval.

Financial Bills vary in nature:

1. Type 1: Financial and non-financial matters, introduced in the Lok Sabha, requiring presidential recommendation.
2. Type 2: Expenditure-related, also requiring presidential recommendation.

In deadlock situations over ordinary or financial bills, a joint sitting resolves differences, excluding money and constitutional amendment bills.

Budget Process in Parliament includes six stages:

1. Presentation: Finance Minister presents the budget.
2. General Discussion: Both Houses discuss budgetary principles.
3. Committee Scrutiny: Departmental committees examine grant demands.
4. Voting on Demands for Grants: Lok Sabha votes and discusses grant reductions.
5. Appropriation Bill: Legalizes expenditure.
6. Finance Bill: Enacts financial proposals, completing the budget process

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