Polity EP 34 | Supreme Court | Constitution | UPSC podcast | laxmikant | Central Government

Welcome back to THE IAS COMPANION.

Today, we explore the Supreme Court of India, a pillar of the country's judiciary with extensive jurisdiction and unique powers. Unlike other supreme courts, it functions as both a federal court and the final court of appeal, akin to the British House of Lords. It serves as the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution, protecting citizens' fundamental rights, and has advisory and supervisory roles, granting it unmatched authority.

India’s unified judicial system, established with the Supreme Court at its apex in 1950, contrasts with the United States' dual judicial system. This system includes High Courts and subordinate courts, all enforcing both central and state laws, while in the U.S., federal and state laws are enforced separately by respective judiciaries.

Detailed in Articles 124 to 147 of the Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court's framework includes its organization, independence, jurisdiction, and procedures, regulated by Parliament. The Court has 34 judges, including the Chief Justice, with appointments made by the President following a consultation process that has evolved to emphasize judicial independence.

Judges serve until age 65, with their tenure protected against arbitrary removal. The Supreme Court's powers encompass original, writ, and appellate jurisdictions, advisory roles, judicial review, and interpretation of the Constitution. Its structure and functioning ensure robust oversight of legislative and executive actions, maintaining the rule of law and democratic principles in India.

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