Polity EP 35 | Judicial Review | Constitution | UPSC podcast | laxmikant | Central Government

Welcome back to THE IAS COMPANION.

Today, we delve into the pivotal concept of judicial review, essential for maintaining the supremacy of the Constitution and ensuring conformity of all laws and executive actions to constitutional mandates. Originating in the United States with the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison (1803), judicial review empowered the judiciary to declare laws unconstitutional. In India, this power is explicitly granted by the Constitution, enabling both the Supreme Court and High Courts to review legislative and executive actions.

Judicial review in India encompasses constitutional amendments, legislation, and administrative actions. Landmark cases such as Kesavananda Bharati (1973) and the NJAC Act Case (2015) have shaped its contours. This power upholds the Constitution's supremacy, maintains federal balance, and protects fundamental rights, making it a basic feature of the Indian Constitution. Key constitutional provisions like Articles 13, 32, and 226 empower the judiciary in this regard. Judicial review ensures that all governmental actions align with constitutional principles, preserving democratic governance and justice in society.

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