Polity EP 38 | Governor | Constitution | UPSC podcast | laxmikant | State Government

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The Constitution of India establishes a parliamentary system for both the Centre and states, detailing the state executive in Part VI (Articles 153-167), which includes the Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers, and Advocate General. The Governor is the nominal executive head of a state and an agent of the central government. Appointed by the President, the Governor is not elected. One person can serve as Governor for multiple states.

A Governor must be an Indian citizen and at least 35 years old. Customarily, the Governor is not from the state of appointment, and the President consults the state's Chief Minister. The term is five years, subject to the President's pleasure, and can be extended until a successor assumes office.

The Governor's powers include appointing key state officials, recommending President's Rule, acting as Chancellor of state universities, summoning and dissolving the state legislature, and promulgating ordinances. They also ensure the state budget is presented and can grant pardons and appoint judicial officers.

The Governor has discretionary powers such as reserving bills for the President, recommending President's Rule, and appointing the Chief Minister in a hung assembly. They have special responsibilities in certain states for regional development and law and order.

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