Episode 65 - The Cliques

This week I give an overview of the emerging networks of Warlords that would come to dominate China. Yuan Shikai might have died, but China's troubles were far, far from over. His most powerful subordinate, Duan Qirui, attempted to fill the void left by his old master, but he didn't command the same level of prestige and fear that Yuan did at his height. Other factions began to emerge and Duan's own authoritarian tendencies led to the Warlords scrambling to make alliances for the civil wars to come. 

 

Bibliography for this episode: 

 

1. Fairbank, John K & Denis Twitchett The Cambridge History of China, Volume 12: Republican China 1912-1949, Part 1 Cambridge University Press 1983
2. Sheridan, James E. China in Disintegration: The Republican Era in Chinese History 1912-1949 Macmillian Publishing Co, Inc 1975
3. Bianco, Lucien Origins of the Chinese Revolution, 1915-1949 Editions Gallimard 1967
4. Pye, Lucian W. Warlord Politics Praeger Publishers 1971
5. Chan, Anthony B. Arming the Chinese: The Western Armaments Trade in Warlord China, 1920-1928 UBC Press 2010

 

Questions? Comments? Email me at peaceintheirtime@gmail.com